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| Introduction | Monaco |
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Background:
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Economic development previously spurred in late 19th century with a railroad linkup to France and opening of a casino. Since then, principality's mild climate, splendid scenery, and gambling facilities have made Monaco world famous as a tourist and recreation center. |
| Geography | Monaco |
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Location:
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Western Europe, bordering Mediterranean Sea on southern coast of France, near border with Italy |
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Geographic coordinates:
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43 44 N, 7 24 E |
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Map references:
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Europe |
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Area:
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total: 1.95 sq km
water: 0 sq km land: 1.95 sq km |
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Area - comparative:
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about three times size of Mall in Washington, DC |
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Land boundaries:
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total: 4.4 km
border countries: France 4.4 km |
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Coastline:
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4.1 km |
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Maritime claims:
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territorial sea: 12 NM |
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Climate:
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Mediterranean with mild, wet winters and hot, dry summers |
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Terrain:
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hilly, rugged, rocky |
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Elevation extremes:
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lowest point: Mediterranean Sea 0 m
highest point: Mont Agel 140 m |
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Natural resources:
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none |
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Land use:
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arable land: 0%
permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (urban area) (1998 est.) |
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Irrigated land:
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NA sq km |
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Natural hazards:
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NA |
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Environment - current issues:
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NA |
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Environment - international agreements:
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party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling
signed, but not ratified: Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol |
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Geography - note:
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second-smallest independent state in world (after Holy See); almost entirely urban |
| People | Monaco |
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Total Population:
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32,130 (July 2003 est.) |
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Age structure:
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0-14 years: 15.5% (male 2,551; female 2,445)
15-64 years: 62.1% (male 9,814; female 10,130) 65 years and over: 22.4% (male 2,937; female 4,253) (2003 est.) |
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Median age:
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total: 45 years
male: 43 years female: 47 years (2002) |
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Population growth rate:
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0.44% (2003 est.) |
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Birth rate:
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9.46 births/1,000 population (2003 est.) |
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Death rate:
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12.82 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.) |
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Net migration rate:
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7.78 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2003 est.) |
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Sex ratio:
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at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.97 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.69 male(s)/female Population: 0.91 male(s)/female (2003 est.) |
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Infant mortality rate:
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total: 5.63 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 4.69 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.) male: 6.52 deaths/1,000 live births |
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Life Expectancy:
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Population: 79.27 years
male: 75.37 years female: 83.37 years (2003 est.) |
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Total fertility rate:
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1.76 children born/woman (2003 est.) |
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HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate:
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NA% |
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HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS:
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NA |
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HIV/AIDS - deaths:
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NA |
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Nationality:
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noun: Monegasque(s) or Monacan(s)
adjective: Monegasque or Monacan |
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Ethnic groups:
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French 47%, Monegasque 16%, Italian 16%, other 21% |
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Religions:
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Roman Catholic 90% |
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Languages:
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French (official), English, Italian, Monegasque |
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Literacy:
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definition: NA
Population: 99% male: NA% female: NA% |
| Government | Monaco |
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Country name:
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conventional long form: Principality of Monaco
conventional short form: Monaco local short form: Monaco local long form: Principaute de Monaco |
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Government type:
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constitutional monarchy |
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Capital:
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Monaco |
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Administrative divisions:
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none; there are no first-order administrative divisions as defined by US Government, but there are four quarters (quartiers, singular - quartier); Fontvieille, La Condamine, Monaco-Ville, Monte-Carlo |
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Independence:
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1419 (beginning of rule by House of Grimaldi) |
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National holiday:
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National Day (Prince of Monaco Holiday), 19 November |
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Constitution:
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17 December 1962 |
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Legal system:
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based on French law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction |
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Suffrage:
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21 years of age; universal |
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Executive branch:
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chief of state: Prince RAINIER III (since 9 May 1949); Heir Apparent Prince ALBERT Alexandre Louis Pierre, son of monarch (born 14 March 1958)
elections: none; monarchy is hereditary; minister of state appointed by monarch from a list of three French national candidates presented by French Government cabinet: Council of Government is under authority of monarch head of government: Minister of State Patrick LECLERCQ (since 5 January 2000) |
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Legislative branch:
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unicameral National Council or Conseil National (24 seats; 16 members elected by list majority system, 8 by proportional representation; to serve five-year terms)
election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - UNAM 21, UND 3 elections: last held 9 February 2003 (next to be held NA February 2008) |
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Judicial branch:
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Supreme Court or Tribunal Supreme (judges appointed by monarch on basis of nominations by National Council) |
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Political parties and leaders:
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National and Democratic Union or UND [Jean-Louis CAMPORA]; Union for Monaco or UPM (including National Union for Future of Monaco or UNAM [leader NA] |
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Political pressure groups and leaders:
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NA |
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International organization participation:
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ACCT, ECE, FAO, IAEA, ICAO, ICC, ICCt (signatory), ICRM, IFRCS, IHO, IMO, Interpol, IOC, ITU, OPCW, OSCE, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNITAR, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO |
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Diplomatic representation in US:
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Monaco does not have an embassy in US
consulate(s) general: New York |
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Diplomatic representation from US:
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US does not have an embassy in Monaco; US Consul General in Marseille (France) is accredited to Monaco |
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Flag description:
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two equal horizontal bands of red (top) and white; similar to flag of Indonesia which is longer and flag of Poland which is white (top) and red |
| Economy | Monaco |
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Economy - overview:
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Monaco, situated on French Mediterranean coast, is a popular resort, attracting tourists to its casino and pleasant climate. In 2001, a major new construction project will extend pier used by cruise ships in main harbor. principality has successfully sought to diversify into services and limited , high-value-added, nonpolluting industries. state has no income tax and low business taxes and thrives as a tax haven both for individuals who have established residence and for foreign companies that have set up businesses and offices. state retains monopolies in a number of sectors, includes tobacco, telephone network, and postal service. Living standards are high, roughly comparable to those in prosperous French metropolitan areas. Monaco does not publish national income figures; estimates below are extremely rough. |
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GDP:
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buying power parity - $870 million (1999 est.) |
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GDP - real growth rate:
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NA% |
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GDP - per capita:
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buying power parity - $27,000 (1999 est.) |
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GDP - composition by sector:
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agriculture: NA%
industry: NA% services: NA% |
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Population below poverty line:
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NA% |
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Household income or consumption by percentage share:
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lowest 10%: NA%
highest 10%: NA% |
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Inflation rate (consumer prices):
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NA% |
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Labor force:
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30,540 (January 1994) |
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Unemployment rate:
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3.1% (1998) |
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Budget:
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revenues: $518 million
expenditures: $531 million, includes capital expenditures of $NA (1995) |
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Industries:
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tourism, construction, limited -scale industrial and consumer products |
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Industrial production growth rate:
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NA% |
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Electricity - consumption:
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NA kWh |
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Electricity - imports:
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NA kWh
note: electricity supplied by France |
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Agriculture - products:
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none |
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Exports:
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$NA; full customs integration with France, which collects and rebates Monegasque trade duties; also participates in EU market system through customs union with France |
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Imports:
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$NA; full customs integration with France, which collects and rebates Monegasque trade duties; also participates in EU market system through customs union with France |
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Debt - external:
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$NA |
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Economic aid - recipient:
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$NA |
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Currency:
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euro (EUR) |
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Currency code:
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EUR |
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Exchange rates:
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euros per US dollar - 1.06 1.0626 (2002), 1.1175 (2001), 1.0854 (2000), 0.9386 (1999); French francs per US dollar - 5.8995 (1998) |
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Fiscal year:
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calendar year |
| Communications | Monaco |
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Telephones - main lines in use:
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31,027 (1995) |
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Telephones - mobile cellular:
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NA |
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Telephone system:
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general assessment: modern automatic telephone system
domestic: NA international: no satellite earth stations; connected by cable into French communications system |
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Radio broadcast stations:
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AM 1, FM NA, shortwave 8 (1998) |
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Radios:
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34,000 (1997) |
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Television broadcast stations:
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5 (1998) |
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Televisions:
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25,000 (1997) |
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Internet country code:
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.mc |
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Internet Service Providers (ISPs):
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2 (2000) |
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Internet users:
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NA |
| Transportation | Monaco |
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Railways:
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total: 1.7 km
standard gauge: 1.7 km 1.435-m gauge (2002) |
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Highways:
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total: 50 km
paved: 50 km unpaved: 0 km (1999 est.) |
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Waterways:
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none |
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Ports and harbors:
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Monaco |
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Merchant marine:
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none (2002 est.) |
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Airports:
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none; linked to airport in Nice, France, by helicopter service (2002) |
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Heliports:
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1 (shuttle service between international airport at Nice, France, and Monaco's heliport at Fontvieille) (2002) |
| Military | Monaco |
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Military - note:
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defense is responsibility of France |
| Transnational Issues | Monaco |
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Disputes - international:
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none |